【Ted演讲】Jessica Ladd - The reporting system that sexual assault survivors want

<The reporting system that sexual assault survivors want> Jessica Ladd Hannah is excited to be going to college. She couldn't wait to get out of her parents' house, to prove to them that she's an adult, and to prove to her new friends that she belongs. 汉娜对於即将展开的大学生活感到相当兴奋， 她迫不及待地想要搬出父母的家， 好向他们证明她已经是个大人了， 同时也向新朋友证明，她跟她们是一伙的。 She heads to a campus party where she sees a guy that she has a crush on. Let's call him Mike. The next day, Hannah wakes up with a pounding headache. She can only remember the night in flashes. But what she does remember is throwing up in the hall outside Mike's room and staring at the wall silently while he was inside her, wanting it to stop, then shakily stumbling home. She doesn't feel good about what happened, but she thinks, "Maybe this is just what sex in college is?" 她前往参加了一个校园派对， 在那裡她遇见一个她蛮喜欢的男生 姑且称他麦克吧 隔天，汉娜在剧烈的头痛中醒来， 她只记得前晚的一些片段 但她确实记得的是， 她在麦克房间外的走廊上呕吐， 在麦克侵犯她时，只能无声地看著墙面， 希望这一切能停止下来 最后她踏著颤抖蹣跚的步伐回家 她对於所发生的一切感到非常地不舒服， 但她想，「也许这就是所谓大学生的性生活吧」 One in five women and one in 13 men will be sexually assaulted at some point during their college career in the United States. Less than 10 percent will ever report their assault to their school or to the police. And those who do, on average, wait 11 months to make the report. 在美国，每五位女性，或每十三位男性中， 就有一位可能在大学期间受到性侵害 然而，只有不到百分之十的人， 会為他们所受到的侵害，向校方或警方通报 而那些选择报案的人，则是平均在案发后十一个月才会通报。 Hannah initially just feels like dealing with what happened on her own. But when she sees Mike taking girls home from parties, she's worried about them. 汉娜本来打算把这件事埋在心裡， 但当她看到麦克又从派对上带了别的女生回家， 她开始担心那些女生。 After graduation, Hannah learns that she was one of five women who Mike did the exact same thing to. And this is not an unlikely scenario because 90 percent of sexual assaults are committed by repeat offenders. But with such low reporting rates, it's fairly unlikely that even repeat perpetrators will be reported, much less anything happen if they are. 毕业后，汉娜发现到 她是麦克做了同样事情的五个女生中，其中之一 而这绝对不是特殊案例， 因為有百分之九十的性侵案都是惯犯所為， 但是因為报案率相当低， 看起来就算一再犯案也未必会被举发， 举发也未必会被起诉。 In fact, only six percent of assaults reported to the police end with the assailant spending a single day in prison. Meaning, there's a 99 percent chance that they'll get away with it. This means there's practically no deterrent to assault in the United States. 事实上，通报给警方的性侵案中， 只有百分之六的加害人最后被关进监狱， 也就是说，他们有高达百分之九十九的机会可以逍遥法外 换句话说，在美国，完全不能吓阻侵害的发生。 Now, I'm an infectious disease epidemiologist by training. I'm interested in systems and networks and where we can concentrate our resources to do the most good. So this, to me, is a tragic but a solvable problem. 而我身為一名训练有素的传染流行病学家， 我对於如何透过系统和网路， 来让资源集中进而做最有效率的事感兴趣 对我来说，这是一个遗憾但可以解决的问题。 So when the issue of campus assault started hitting the news a few years ago, it felt like a unique opportunity to make a change. And so we did. We started by talking to college survivors. And what they wish they'd had in college is pretty simple; they wanted a website, one they could use at the time and place that felt safest to them with clearly written information about their reporting options, with the ability to electronically report their assault, rather than having the first step to go in and talk to someone who may or may not believe them. With the option to create a secure, timestamped document of what happened to them, preserving evidence even if they don't want to report yet. And lastly, and perhaps most critically, with the ability to report their assault only if someone else reported the same assailant. You see, knowing that you weren't the only one changes everything. It changes the way you frame your own experience, it changes the way you think about your perpetrator, it means that if you do come forward, you'll have someone else's back and they'll have yours. 所以在几年前，当校园性侵议题开始登上头条时， 我感觉这就像是一个改变的契机 而我们也确实把握住了。 我们开始跟当时在校园受害者沟通， 他们希望之前在大学就有的东西其实非常简单： 他们想要有一个网站， 一个能让他们在自己感觉在安全的时间、地点去使用的网站， 包含清楚的书面资讯，说明有哪些通报选项， 让他们能用电子化程序报案， 而不是一开始就去面对跟告诉那些 可能会，也可能不会相信他的人 透过这样的选项，能创建一份 安全且带有时间戳记，纪录案发经过的文件， 就算他们暂时先不想要报案，也能先保存证据。 最后，也可能是最关键的一点， 这网站能够在当有另一个人也举报了同样加害人时，进行回报 当你知道自己并不是唯一受害者时，这改变了一切， 你会改变你对这段经歷的看法， 会改变你对加害者的想法， 也代表著，如果你挺身而出， 你会是某个人的后援，而他们也会是你的支柱。 We created a website that actually does this and we launched it [...] in August, on two college campuses. And we included a unique matching system where if Mike's first victim had come forward, saved her record, entered into the matching system and named Mike, and Mike's second victim had done the same thing a few months later, they would have matched and the verified contact information of both survivors would have been sent to the authorities at the same time for investigation and follow up. 我们打造了这样一个网站， 在两个月前，也就是八月份上架， 在两间大专院校中运作。其中包含一个特殊的配对系统， 如果当时麦克的第一位受害者出声， 保存她的纪录，输入进配对系统， 并把它命名為麦克； 当麦克的第二位受害者也这麼做时， 几个月后， 资料就会被配对， 两位受害者被审核过的联络资讯 就会被同时送到授权主管单位， 进行后续的调查。 If a system like this had existed for Hannah and her peers, it's more likely that they would have reported, that they would have been believed, and that Mike would have been kicked off campus, gone to jail, or at least gotten the help that he needed. And if we were able to stop repeat offenders like Mike after just their second assault following a match, survivors like Hannah would never even be assaulted in the first place. We could prevent 59 percent of sexual assaults just by stopping repeat perpetrators earlier on. And because we're creating a real deterrent to assault, for perhaps the first time, maybe the Mikes of the world would never even try to assault anyone. 如果当时汉娜和她朋友拥有这样的系统， 她们就很有可能通报， 而且她们也会被相信， 那麼麦克也就会被踢出校园， 也许进监狱，或是至少受到他需要的辅导协助 如果我们能阻止像麦克这样的惯犯， 也许能在他犯的第二起案件就配对成功， 那麼像汉娜这样的受害者可能就永远不会被强暴。 我们可以避免百分之五十九的性侵害案件， 藉由及时阻止惯犯 因為我们正在打造了一个能确实吓阻侵害的手段， 或甚至是有史以来的第一次， 也许从此以后世上的「麦克们」都不敢去侵犯别人。 The type of system I'm describing, the type of system that survivors want is a type of information escrow, meaning an entity that holds on to information for you and only releases it to a third party when certain pre-agreed upon conditions are met, such as a match. The application that we built is for college campuses. But the same type of system could be used in the military or even the workplace. 我所描述的系统类型， 受害者想要的系统类型， 是一种资讯的信託。 意即有个独立的单位能帮你保存资讯， 而且只有在事先同意设定的条件符合下， 才会提供给第三方， 比如说配对成功 我们打造的这款应用是為大专院校设计 但同样类型的系统也可以应用在军方， 或甚至是职场上。 We don't have to live in a world where 99 percent of rapists get away with it. We can create one where those who do wrong are held accountable, where survivors get the support and justice they deserve, where the authorities get the information they need, and where there's a real deterrent to violating the rights of another human being. 我们不必活在一个 有百分之九十九的强暴犯逍遥法外的世界， 我们能创造一个 犯罪者必须承担负责、 受害者能够得到应有援助和正义、 授权主管机关能取得所需资讯、 以及能够有效吓阻， 任何人的权利被侵害的世界。 Thank you. 谢谢。