Dec. 22, 2016 #The World Says# The Big data 大数据

节目组: The World Says 世界说 节目名称: The Big data 大数据 I: Hello everyone, welcome to the world says from the VOE foreign language station. This is Iris. L:Hey guys,I am Louisa. I: What are you doing,sherlock? Focus! Don't play your computer. S:Wait,wait oh oh.OK.I'm browsing my Taobao. It can always be combined with most people's purchase and it will launch the most fashionable things. I: Yes,that's the big data for you today.As we know the core of big data is predicting, to predict what will happen and the risk of what has happened. We use big data to understand customers’ favorites and meet their demand. L:But you know,big data are not always works. Now American depend on data to solve the problems in life. But recently unexpected results and presidential condidate let them realized that data is less reliable. S:Well,Cubs win the World Series. Donald Trump wins the White House. What do those two epochal events have in common? Both were considered highly unlikely. And both happened. Many Americans therefore judge predictions, with more skepticism. They've learned an important ,even comforting lesson about the limits of polling and other measures: Big Data is not destiny. I: In fact, Sherlock, people's mind is good. Survey responses to pollsters, consumer buying habits, internet site visits, can be plugged into computer models to suggest people’s future behavior. The understandable hope is always that if you start with knowable measurements and crunch them through well-constructed formulas, you'll produce a reliable preview of what will happen. L:But.Not necessarily.Computers don't read minds. Nor do pollsters. People don't always say what they think. Or they change their minds. People can be convinced and unconvinced. I:Some people say one thing but do another. You will never write a program to take into account all those nuances and many others. S:As you say,Big Data can lead to Big Mistakes. Google Flu Trends, for instance, sought to use data from internet searches to estimate when influenza season would peak and at what level. I:But it drastically overestimated peak flu levels in the 2012-13 season That failure “doesn‘t erase the value of big data,” “What it does do is highlight a number of problematic practices in its use-what we like to call ‘big data hubris’” L:Should we toss out data and rely only on experience, or on anecdotes, or on what we hear ( true or false) frome people with whom we agree? I:That would be a dangerous overreaction to the election flub. If people believe the data cannot be trusted, they may turn instead to “ trusting anecdotes friends, family and tribe,” Someone writes in the New York Times. “Policies will be based on what people think are good ideas, not what data show. This will potentially … further segment an already divided nation,” he warns, aptly. S:In a conclusion,humans embrace Big Data because we live in an unpredictable universe that is often capricious. People fell comforted when thwy think they know what is going to happen. They see patterns in random chance. L:And they purge from their thought the reality that a 74 percent chance of victory is a 26 percent chance of defeat. Superstition endures. S:Reality is elastic. Every moment brings new possibilities. That's what makes life intriguing. Okay, we are going to talk about the big data security,Louisa.Imagine being talked about behind your back. Now picture that conversation taking place covertly in your own sitting room, with you unable to hear it. I: That is the modus operandi of SilverPush, an Indian start-up that embeds inaudible sounds in television advertisements. As the advert plays, a high-frequency signal is emitted that can be picked up by a mobile or other device installed with an app containing SilverPush software. S:And this “pairing” — currently targeted at Indian consumers — also identifies users' other nearby devices and allows the company to monitor what they do across those. All without consumers hearing a thing. L: Well, that sounds terrible, but it actually exists. This “cross-device tracking technology”, being explored by other companies including Adobe, is an emblem of a new era with which all of us — governments, companies, charities and consumers — will have to contend. S:In fact, the Royal Statistical Society hosted a conference at Windsor castle to ponder the challenges of Big Data — an overused, underexplained term for both the flood of information churned out by our devices and the potential for this flood to be organised into revelatory and predictive rivers of knowledge. L:Have to say, the ethics and governance surrounding the growing use of data are a right royal mess. Public discussion about how these vast quantities of information should be collected, stored, cross-referenced and exploited is urgently needed. There is excitement about how it might revolutionise healthcare — during outbreaks of disease. S:Such as, search data can be mined for the greater good. Today, however, public engagement largely amounts to public outcry when things go wrong. S: And here is our first problem: most of us click unthinkingly.It is thus questionable whether we have given informed consent to all the ways in which our personal data are subsequently used. L: To demonstrate this, a security company set up a public WiFi spot in the City of London and inserted a “Herod clause” committing users to hand over their firstborn for eternity. Within a short period of time, several people unwittingly bartered away their offspring in return for a free connection. S:so, you say they hand over their firstborn for eternity,this is ridiculous. I:A second challenge arises from the so-called internet of things, when devices bypass humans and talk directly to one another. So my depleted smart fridge could automatically email the supermarket requesting replenishment. But it could also mean my data become a network of electronic spies that can paint a richly detailed picture of my prandial,raising privacy concerns. S:Therefore, the EU adopted the data protection rules,but alongside the new EU rules on data protection, we need something softer: a body of experts and laypeople that can bring knowledge, wisdom and judgment to this fast-moving field. 现在，美国已有了一个由律师、哲学家和人类学家组成的大数据、伦理与社会委员会. I: We have wearable devices that, like Santa, see you when you are sleeping and know when you're awake. It is possible that a company will find a way of deducing — through sentiment analysis of social media postings, visits to charity websites, checks on your bank balance and fitness tracking — if you've been bad or good. L: This is the big data, bring convenience while there are a lot of privacy issues. S:Now, let's hear the words we learned today. They are: Epochal 划时代的 Skepticism 怀疑态度 Crunch 处理 Algorithms 算法 Nuances 细微差别 Influenza 流行性感冒 Hubris 傲慢 Flub 搞错 Anecdotes 轶事，奇闻 L: Ok, that's all of today's program.please don't forget to join us soon! see you next time 感谢制作苏鑫，感谢制作王紫丞! 节目监制：周宸聿 编辑：陶麓伊 张燚铭 余若天 播音：陶麓伊 张燚铭 余若天 制作：苏鑫