介绍:
Scoliosis
脊柱侧凸
The spine is made up of bones called vertebrae/'vɜ:tibri:/, which are stacked on top of each other. The vertebrae protect a bundle of nerve fibers called the spinal cord. It runs through an opening in the center of each vertebra. The main sections of the spine are the cervical/ˈsɜ:vikl/, thoracic/θɔ:'ræsik/, and lumbar regions. Looking at it from the side, the spine normally has three curves: A “C” in the cervical spine, a reverse “C” in the thoracic spine, and another “C” in the lumbar spine. Viewed from behind, the spine should appear to be completely straight up and down.
脊椎是由称为椎骨的骨头合成的，椎骨相互堆叠在一起。椎骨保护一束神经纤维，即脊髓。它贯穿每个椎骨中心的开口。脊柱的主要部分是脊椎、胸椎和腰椎。侧面观，脊椎通常有三个曲线：一个“C型曲线”位于颈椎，反向“C型曲线”位于胸椎，另一个“C型曲线”位于腰椎。后面观，脊柱似乎是完全直上直下的。
Scoliosis/ˌskəʊliˈəʊsɪs/ is a condition where the spine has an abnormal side to side curve. Most cases of scoliosis have no known cause. In some cases, scoliosis may be present at birth. In other cases, it may occur over time. The most common cause in adults is asymmetric degeneration of the discs, causing the spine to be tilted to one side or the other. Other causes may include cerebral palsy, paralysis, muscular dystrophy,osteoporosis, or spinal fractures.
脊柱侧凸是一种脊柱异常侧弯的疾病。大多数脊柱侧凸病因未知。某些情况下，患者出生时可能会出现脊柱侧凸。其它患者可能会随着时间的推移发生脊柱侧凸。成人脊柱侧凸患者常见病因是椎间盘不对称性退化，从而导致脊椎向一侧倾斜。其它病因可能包括脑瘫、瘫痪、肌肉萎缩症、骨质疏松症或脊柱骨折。
During childhood, the spinal curve usually becomes worse during periods of rapid growth. If the curve becomes severe, it can cause problems with posture, walking, and back pain. It can also cause the internal organs to become cramped for space, causing heart, breathing, and digestion problems. Scoliosis is often treated with a brace to stop the curve from getting worse. Doctors will measure the spinal curve overtime to see if the brace is working.
孩童快速生长期，脊柱曲线通常会变得更差。曲线变形严重会引起姿势、行走异常，背部疼痛，也可能导致内部器官受压，引起心脏、呼吸和消化问题。脊柱侧弯通常应用支架治疗，以防止曲线变得更加糟糕。医生将测量不同时间段的脊柱曲线来确定支架是否有用。
For an adolescent, a surgical procedure may be necessary if the brace isn’t working, or if a brace is not an option. For an adult with scoliosis, a surgical procedure may be necessary if they are experiencing numbness or weakness in their legs, or if they are having progressively worse back pain that does not improve with nonsurgical treatments. The most common surgical procedure to repair scoliosis is called posterior spinal fusion with instrumentation and bone grafting.
对于青少年而言，如果支架不奏效，或无法应用支架治疗，那么可能需要进行手术治疗。对于成年脊柱侧凸患者，如果患者双腿麻木或无力，或者背部疼痛逐渐加重，而非手术治疗无法改善病情，那么就可能需要手术治疗。修复脊柱侧凸最常见的外科手术是后路矫形融合术和植骨治疗。
To begin, the surgeon will make an opening over the area of the curve in the spine. The surfaces of the vertebrae will be roughened to help stimulate the bones to heal together. The surgeon will place screws, hooks, or wires into the vertebrae. Rods will be placed alongside the vertebrae and attached to the screws, hooks, or wires in order to straighten the spine. The surgeon may remove small pieces of bone from the ribs or hip bone to use as bone grafts. Other times, the surgeon may choose to use donor bone from a bone bank for grafting. The surgeon will place the bone grafts along the spine to allow the bone to grow together and keep the spine stable. At the end of the procedure, the skin incision will be closed with stitches.
首先，医生将在脊柱曲线区域做切口，将椎骨表面粗糙化，刺激骨骼愈合。医生会将螺丝、挂钩和金属线植入椎骨，然后将钛杆放置于椎骨旁，并连接螺钉、挂钩和金属线，使得脊柱得到矫正。医生可能会从肋骨或髋骨移除小块的骨头作为移植物。有时，医生可能会选择应用骨库中的供体骨进行移植。医生将沿着脊柱进行骨移植，使骨骼生长在一起并保持脊柱稳定。手术结束时，医生会缝合皮肤切口。
【本期语言点总结】
1.vertebrae/'vɜ:tibri:/n.椎骨；<解>椎骨，脊椎
2.cervical/ˈsɜ:vikl/adj.[解]颈的;子宫颈的
3.thoracic/θɔ:'ræsik/adj.胸的
4.lumbar/ˈlʌmbə(r)/n.腰动（静）脉，腰神经，腰椎；adj.腰部的
5.scoliosis/ˌskəʊliˈəʊsɪs/n.脊柱侧凸
6.paralysis/pəˈræləsis/n.麻痹，瘫痪；中风；无能，无气力
7.osteoporosis/ˌɒstiəʊpəˈrəʊsis/n.[医]骨质疏松症
8.asymmetric degeneration不对称性退化
9.cerebral palsy/ˈserəbrəl ˈpɔ:lzi/n.脑性瘫痪
10.muscular dystrophy/ˌmʌskjələ ˈdistrəfi/n.肌肉萎缩症
11.posterior spinal fusion with instrumentation后路矫形融合术
资料来源：nucleus medical media
Bgm-最后最后（粤）
撰稿讲解 ：福建医科大学 淑铉铉铉
