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术语是什么/ Adj特点/标示什么/ 怎么分类/ 描述和解释
6.1 And another thing and this is true of both potato and tomato. Both of the(these) plants are members of Nightshade family. The Nightshade family is a category of plants which also includes many that you wouldn’t want to特点 eat, like mandrake, belladonna, and even tobacco. So it’s no wonder that people once considered potatoes and tomatoes(tomatoes and potatoes) to be inedible too, even poisonous 特点
6.2 A microclimate is是 a group of climate conditions that affect a localized area, weather features like temperature, wind, moisture and so on. And when I say localized, I mean really localized, because microclimates can be, as the name suggests, pretty small, even less than a square meter.
6.3 During the 1400s, when printing was being developed, paper became the predominant material for books in Europe, but prior to that, it was parchment . Parchment 是is durable, much more so than paper, and it could be reused which came in handy since it was a costly material and in short supply.
6.4 But in 1998, a book of prayers from the Middle Ages sold in an art auction for a lot of money, more money than anyone would pay for a damaged book from the 12th century. Beautiful or not, why? It had been discovered that the book was a palimpsest, and beneath the surface writing on the manual script laid, guess what? Mathematical theorems and diagrams from Archimedes
6.5 A mass extinction is when numerous species become extinct over a very short time period, short, geologically speaking that is, like when the dinosaurs died out 65 million years ago. And the fossil record, it indicates标示 that in all the time that animals have inhabited Earth, there have been five great mass extinctions, dinosaurs being the most recent. In each of the others up to half of all land animals and up to 95 percent of marine species disappeared.
6.6 Assisted migration means picking up 做什么members of the species or members of a group of
interdependent species and physically moving or translocating them. Translocating threatened
species to a cooler place to higher latitudes or higher elevations for example.
Now migrations are natural survival strategy. Over the past of million years, colder glacial periods
have alternated with warmer inter-glacial periods. And so in response to this gradual climatic
swings, some species have shifted their ranges hundreds of kilometres. So perhaps you are
wondering why not let nature take its course now. Well we can't.
6.7 Well, to begin we'd better define exactly what we mean when we talk about states.首先定义什么叫做国家 The human groups that are the smallest and have the least social and political complexity, we call bands. The groups that are the largest and most socially and politically complex, we call states. 分类So, the level of complexity here refers to the organization of people into large, diverse groups, and densely populated communities. And there are four levels in total: bands, tribes, chiefdoms 酋邦and states.
But, but back to my original question. Why did early states form? Why not just continue to live in small groups? Why become more complex?
6.8 The Holocene epic followed the Pleistocene epic when the Earth ’ s climate warmed up around 11 thousand years ago. The Holocene epic is characterized 标示by different sediments, ones that form when the climate is warmer. Because the climate changed, the types of plants and animals
changed also. Holocene sediments contain remnants of more recent plants and animals, so it's pretty easy to differentiate区分 geologically between these two epics.
6.9 But they don’t just mimic the colors in their environment; they can also mimic the texture of
objects in their environment. They have these little projections on their skin that allow them to
resemble various textures. The projections are called papillae. If the octopus wants to have a rough texture, it raises the papillae. If it wants to have a smooth texture, it flattens out the papillae, so it can acquire a smooth texture to blend in with the sandy bottom of the sea.
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