308. AI Safety and Explainability 人工智能安全，访谈图灵奖得主Prof. Sifakis

本期嘉宾是 Joseph Sifakis 教授。Sifakis 教授是知名的计算机科学家，在2012年获得达芬奇奖，并在2007年获得图灵奖。他的书作 Understanding and Changing the World 中译版《理解和改变世界》已经出版。 在这期播客中，我们讨论了多个话题，涉及计算机科学、哲学与AI及 autonomous system (自治系统) 对社会的影响。主要观点包括：-写书的缘起，来自 Prof. Sifakis 对哲学问题的兴趣和他觉得现有哲学文献的不足，特别是关于知识和信息概念有所不足。-AI与可解释性：知识的本质。强调AI生成的知识缺乏可解释性，而通过科学方法产生的知识具备可解释性。AI与科学方法相比，无法提供强有力的保证。-自治系统（autonomous systems）的测试与安全：AI系统的安全性是个大挑战，如自动驾驶，现有的系统缺乏可解释模型，而实践测试又有局限性。-AI的伦理与社会影响：将AI投入实际应用的伦理考量，特别是对人类责任和决策的影响。-AI在未来技术中的角色：AI在未来可应用于系统监测，以及与传统控制系统集成以提高可靠性和安全性。混合系统 (hybrid system)的优势和挑战。-Prof. Sifakis 的职业生涯和研究兴趣：职业轨迹覆盖模型检查的理论研究到系统设计的实际应用，以及他是如何选择研究课题。-AI在教育中的应用：AI工具（如聊天机器人）对儿童发展和学习的影响，倡导在教育中节制地使用技术。-对大众的建议：负责任地使用AI，辩证评估AI产出的内容，维护人类的价值观和责任。 Blow Your Mind (BYM) 是一档中英双语播客，涉猎广泛的主题，包括科技、经济、讲故事、历史、创业、创造力和数学。过往的嘉宾包括电影制作人、作家、表演艺术家和AI科学家。======Our guest is esteemed computer scientist Professor Joseph Sifakis. He is winner of the Leonardo da Vinci Medal (2012), and the Turing Award (2007). His book "Understanding and Changing the World" is available in Chinese with the title 理解和改变世界.In the podcast, we talked about a number of topics, focusing primarily on the intersection of computer science, philosophy, and the impact of AI and autonomous systems on society. Key points include:-Genesis of Sifakis' Book: Motivated by his interest in philosophical issues and the shortcomings he found in philosophical texts, particularly regarding concepts like knowledge and information.-AI and Explainability: The nature of knowledge. Emphasizes the difference between AI-generated knowledge, which lacks explainability, and scientific knowledge, which provides it. Highlights the limitations of AI in providing guarantees compared to scientific methods.-Testing and Safety of Autonomous Systems: Explores the challenges in ensuring the safety of AI systems, especially self-driving cars, due to the lack of explainable models and the limitations of empirical testing.-Ethical and Societal Implications of AI: Addresses the ethical considerations of AI deployment in society, particularly the impact on human responsibility and decision-making.-Role of AI in Future Technology: Discusses the future role of AI, especially in system monitoring and integrating AI with traditional control systems for better reliability and safety. The advantages and challenges of hybrid systems.-Sifakis' Career and Research Interests: Reflects on his career trajectory, from theoretical research in model checking to practical applications in system design, and his personal approach to choosing research topics.-AI in Education: Raises concerns about the impact of AI tools like chatbot on children's development and learning, advocating for a balanced approach to technology use in education.-Advice for General Public on AI: Advice on using AI responsibly, emphasizing the importance of understanding and critically assessing AI outputs, and maintaining human values and responsibilities. Blow Your Mind (BYM) is a Chinese and English bilingual podcast that