伯特兰 罗素 访谈 Bertrand Russell Face To Face

完整字幕由YouTube自动生成，不是很准确 可移步到百度云 http://t.cn/R6bnH8m Face to Face with Bertrand Russell: ‘Love is Wise, Hatred is Foolish’ 爱是明智，恨是愚蠢 In April of 1959 the British philosopher and mathematician Bertrand Russell sat down with John Freeman of the BBC program Face to Face for a brief but wide-ranging and candid interview. Russell reminisced about his early attraction to mathematics. “I got the sort of satisfaction that Plato says you can get out of mathematics,” he said. “It was an eternal world. It was a timeless world. It was a world where there was a possibility of a certain kind of perfection.” Russell, of course, distinguished himself in that rarified world as one of the founders of analytic philosophy and a co-author of Principia Mathematica, a landmark work that sought to derive all of mathematics from a set of logical axioms. Although the Principia fell short of its goal, it made an enormous mark on the course of 20th century thought. When World War I came along, though, Russell felt it was time to come down from the ivory tower of abstract thinking. “This world is too bad,” Russell told Freeman. “We must notice it.” The half-hour conversation, shown above in its entirety, is of a quality rarely seen on television today. The interviewer Freeman was at that time a former Member of Parliament and a future Ambassador to the United States. Russell talks with him about his childhood, his views on religion, his political and social activism, even his amusing conviction that smoking extended his life. But perhaps the most famous moment comes at the end, when Freeman asks the old philosopher what message he would offer to people living a thousand years hence. In answering the question, Russell balances the two great spheres that occupied his life: I should like to say two things, one intellectual and one moral: The intellectual thing I should want to say to them is this: When you are studying any matter or considering any philosophy, ask yourself only what are the facts and what is the truth that the facts bear out. Never let yourself be diverted either by what you wish to believe or by what you think would have beneficent social effects if it were believed, but look only and solely at what are the facts. That is the intellectual thing that I should wish to say. The moral thing I should wish to say to them is very simple. I should say: Love is wise, hatred is foolish. In this world, which is getting more and more closely interconnected, we have to learn to tolerate each other. We have to learn to put up with the fact that some people say things that we don’t like. We can only live together in that way, and if we are to live together and not die together we must learn a kind of charity and a kind of tolerance which is absolutely vital to the continuation of human life on this planet. 1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:03,000 yeah 2 00:00:04,800 --> 00:00:09,540 in 1959 john freeman is guest on face to face was the outstanding mathematician 3 00:00:09,540 --> 00:00:13,800 and philosopher Bertrand Russell then within two months of his 87th birthday 4 00:00:13,800 --> 00:00:18,990 but far from being a frail old gentleman he appeared before the cameras spry 5 00:00:18,990 --> 00:00:23,189 mischievous and articulate as the public had ever known him throughout a long 6 00:00:23,189 --> 00:00:27,239 career as a campaigner in various courses at odds with the establishment 7 00:00:27,239 --> 00:00:32,640 but it was from the establishment he came grandson of two Lords one of them 8 00:00:32,640 --> 00:00:37,500 Lord John Russell the Liberal prime minister he went to Cambridge in 1890 9 00:00:37,500 --> 00:00:41,640 where he wrote the principles of mathematics and later his great work 10 00:00:41,640 --> 00:00:46,050 principia mathematica his academic work is one of the greatest philosophers of 11 00:00:46,050 --> 00:00:50,039 his day continued at Cambridge entered the first world war when his vigorous 12 00:00:50,039 --> 00:00:54,690 campaign is a pacifist got him expelled from trinity but he continued as a 13 00:00:54,690 --> 00:00:59,339 writer his history of western philosophy published in 1945 getting him a more 14 00:00:59,339 --> 00:01:02,820 popular acceptance and lasting financial security 15 00:01:04,230 --> 00:01:10,260 Russell a late victorian was an early crusader for free love in revolt against 16 00:01:10,260 --> 00:01:14,880 the humbug and hypocrisy of much of Edwardian life of freedom exemplified 17 00:01:14,880 --> 00:01:19,830 unashamedly in his own private life after teaching in America he returned to 18 00:01:19,830 --> 00:01:25,260 britain in trial after world war two was given the order of merit in 1949 and won 19 00:01:25,260 --> 00:01:29,580 the nobel prize for literature in nineteen fifty from the fifties onwards 20 00:01:29,580 --> 00:01:32,970 his main concern was the threat of nuclear annihilation 21 00:01:32,970 --> 00:01:36,780 he was the first president of their campaign for nuclear disarmament at the 22 00:01:36,780 --> 00:01:41,700 time of the face to face interview and two years later still backing against 23 00:01:41,700 --> 00:01:42,690 Authority 24 00:01:42,690 --> 00:01:46,260 he was arrested at an anti-nuclear sitting in Parliament Square and 25 00:01:46,260 --> 00:01:52,080 sentenced to seven days in jail he was 89 years old his face to face interview 26 00:01:52,080 --> 00:01:57,450 reveals the qualities that sustained his reputation for decades lucidity of mind 27 00:01:57,450 --> 00:02:00,450 transparent honesty and an endearing sense of fun 28 00:02:05,860 --> 00:02:12,160 when did the third Russell or veteran dresses you prefer to call himself at 29 00:02:12,160 --> 00:02:19,450 the age of 90 a link with the distant past is severed his grandfather 30 00:02:19,450 --> 00:02:26,680 no genre the Victorian Prime Minister we didn't put in here but his paternal 31 00:02:26,680 --> 00:02:31,870 grandmother was a friend of the unpretentious widow in his youth he 32 00:02:31,870 --> 00:02:36,790 working importance in mathematical logic which is expected to be getting 33 00:02:57,330 --> 00:03:00,330 yeah 34 00:03:17,180 --> 00:03:23,689 in Second World War to go public 35 00:03:23,689 --> 00:03:29,540 stop having escaped to a new country just before its outbreak in private 36 00:03:29,540 --> 00:03:30,680 conversation 37 00:03:30,680 --> 00:03:35,150 he was want to say the Tony cider lunatics we will employed in killing 38 00:03:35,150 --> 00:03:36,139 each other 39 00:03:36,139 --> 00:03:40,010 it's sensible man would keep out of their way by they were doing it 40 00:03:40,010 --> 00:03:44,120 you appear in extreme old age of enjoyment 41 00:03:44,120 --> 00:03:48,590 no doubt doing in large but you're too easy variable health for politically 42 00:03:48,590 --> 00:03:52,459 during these last years he was as isolated as moved enough to the 43 00:03:52,459 --> 00:03:53,569 restoration 44 00:03:53,569 --> 00:04:05,209 he was the last survivor of a diggy book that i wrote in 1937 a year before the 45 00:04:05,209 --> 00:04:12,500 second world war again as a prophesied of what i thought was a times would say 46 00:04:12,500 --> 00:04:20,840 about me when I died I observed that the date I attributed to my desk is 1962 47 00:04:20,839 --> 00:04:26,750 which is coming home ministry near and begins to cause me some alarm before you 48 00:04:26,750 --> 00:04:28,460 feel too much alone 49 00:04:28,460 --> 00:04:33,260 let us examine this a victory which was written in jest and see how true it 50 00:04:33,260 --> 00:04:34,400 really is 51 00:04:34,400 --> 00:04:37,400 to start with let's go back to the distant past 52 00:04:37,400 --> 00:04:43,250 what is your very earliest memory of aggressive when I should push my the 53 00:04:43,250 --> 00:04:46,289 earliest memory is tempting out of the pony carriage for now 54 00:04:46,289 --> 00:04:54,330 two years old and it may be earnest to tour 55 00:04:54,330 --> 00:05:01,860 BB memories are of writing at the house of my grandparents in regard to reach 56 00:05:01,860 --> 00:05:05,879 back after the death of my father who died when I was three 57 00:05:06,689 --> 00:05:11,639 how did you come to be in the character of grandparents your mother also died 58 00:05:11,639 --> 00:05:15,990 yes she also she died when I was two of my father when I was three years 59 00:05:15,990 --> 00:05:19,379 do you have any memory of your parents very very little 60 00:05:19,889 --> 00:05:22,889 I remember nothing of my mother 61 00:05:22,889 --> 00:05:27,749 I remember my father was giving me a relief to be printed in red letters and 62 00:05:27,749 --> 00:05:29,309 the ridiculous p speak 63 00:05:29,309 --> 00:05:33,659 what was life like a member of large did your grandparents presence entertain the 64 00:05:33,659 --> 00:05:35,009 great people of the day 65 00:05:35,009 --> 00:05:41,159 and yes not very much my grandfather was already in the lead 66 00:05:41,159 --> 00:05:46,979 don't forget about in a bath chair he died when I was six my grandmother 67 00:05:46,979 --> 00:05:48,959 survived along down do that 68 00:05:48,959 --> 00:05:53,189 I was married the day she did in semi-retirement 69 00:05:54,269 --> 00:06:00,360 we saw a lot of distinguished people especially in literary people 70 00:06:01,289 --> 00:06:06,959 your grandfather had been a politician in his day as your father my grandfather 71 00:06:06,959 --> 00:06:09,719 and father was Christ Prime Minister 72 00:06:09,719 --> 00:06:13,800 my father was in Parliament for a very brief period 73 00:06:14,430 --> 00:06:18,539 did you meet the great and famous who used to come to visit or when you shut 74 00:06:18,539 --> 00:06:19,740 away in the nursery 75 00:06:19,740 --> 00:06:21,190 the lady me to me 76 00:06:21,190 --> 00:06:24,910 this was especially impressed you at that age july sechrist against 77 00:06:24,910 --> 00:06:26,710 especially impressed me 78 00:06:26,710 --> 00:06:31,450 what's your memory of you oh I have a great many many reasons to get he had it 79 00:06:31,450 --> 00:06:37,990 and I could quibble anybody people you know and can't quite understand his 80 00:06:37,990 --> 00:06:41,260 political importance which opinion on these hooks I 81 00:06:43,750 --> 00:06:45,470 hey 82 00:06:45,470 --> 00:06:46,470 listen to you 83 00:06:46,470 --> 00:06:54,150 painful recollection of him is when I was 17 and very very shy and he came to 84 00:06:54,150 --> 00:06:58,770 stay with my people are diverse and email in the family and after the ladies 85 00:06:58,770 --> 00:07:07,740 died after dinner I was 15 take mr. Goetz and he didn't do anything to 86 00:07:07,740 --> 00:07:15,270 alleviate my shinies made only one remark he said this is very good for 2 87 00:07:15,270 --> 00:07:20,640 good rip but while we're young big men a cleric class and I didn't know the 88 00:07:20,640 --> 00:07:21,660 answer 89 00:07:21,660 --> 00:07:26,520 turning to your occupations as a child but with the first books that infest 90 00:07:26,520 --> 00:07:30,030 your princess being interested in history and fairy stories and adventure 91 00:07:30,030 --> 00:07:30,840 or what 92 00:07:30,840 --> 00:07:36,510 well I've always very much enjoy taking history a very much three stories and I 93 00:07:36,510 --> 00:07:41,820 was young yes and you pick to see the guy like 10 Jamie Anderson much which is 94 00:07:41,820 --> 00:07:43,020 in grim 95 00:07:43,020 --> 00:07:46,230 I don't now but I did think pretty much better 96 00:07:46,230 --> 00:07:49,410 everything's Andersen's fairy tales / e 97 00:07:49,410 --> 00:07:54,480 yeah we're you always a skeptic from small child or did you believe in the 98 00:07:54,480 --> 00:08:04,940 conventions and skipped quite nicely and no it was very deeply religious