2型糖尿病的治疗～

来学习一下2型糖尿病的治疗呗 You or someone you know may have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. I will show you some ways to help manage it. There are steps you can take that may help you keep your blood glucose or sugar within a normal range. This may help you avoid the complications of type 2 diabetes. This may be done through a combination of eating a healthy diet, getting regular exercise and taking medications as prescribed by your doctor as necessary. Some people may also need to check their blood sugar as directed by their doctor.  您或您相识的人可能已经被诊断为II型糖尿病。今天为大家介绍一些帮助管理该疾病的方法。有些步骤可以帮助患者将血糖保持在正常范围内。这样可能有助于避免II型糖尿病的并发症。健康饮食，定期锻炼联合医嘱用药可以实现这一目标。有些患者也可能需要按照医生的指导检查血糖。 Eating a healthy diet may help to lower your blood sugar level, you can help do this by eating a diet with fruits, vegetables and whole grains, have meals and snacks about the same time every day, carbohydrates are substances your body uses to make energy, eat the right balance of carbohydrates, proteins and fats, and reduce your intake of high sugar foods.  健康饮食可能有助于降低血糖水平，患者可以进食水果，蔬菜和全麦食物；每天定点进餐和甜点；碳水化合物是机体制造能量所需的物质，平衡补充碳水化合物，蛋白质和脂肪；减少高糖食物摄入。 Getting regular exercise, even just 30 minutes a day, may lower your blood sugar level and may lead to weight loss. Talk to your doctor before starting an exercise program. You may need to take one or more oral or injectable diabetic medications to help lower blood sugar. Some of these medications may increase the amount of insulin your pancreas makes. Others reduce insulin resistance in your skeletal muscles. Some medications make certain tissues more sensitive to insulin, others cause your digestive system to take in less sugar. Some medications let helpful chemicals in your digestive system stay active longer, these chemicals help lower your blood sugar level. Other medicines help your pancreasrelease insulin when your blood sugar is high. They also slowed down the release of insulin when your blood sugar is low, and some medications increase the amount of sugar excreted in your urine. 定期锻炼，即使每天锻炼30分钟，也可能降低患者的血糖水平，并可能使患者体重减轻。开始锻炼计划前，向医生确认。患者可能需要服用一种或多种口服/注射用糖尿病治疗药物，以降低血糖水平。其中一些药物可能促进患者的胰岛分泌胰岛素。其他药物可以减少骨骼肌肉中的胰岛素抵抗。某些药物使得特定组织对胰岛素更加敏感，另外一些药物会使消化系统吸收更少糖分。某些药物会使得消化系统中的有用化学物质保持活跃状态，这些化学药物有助于降低血糖水平。血糖很高时，其他药物可帮助胰腺分泌胰岛素。血糖很低时，这些药物也会减缓胰岛素的释放速度，有些药物会使患者尿液中排出的糖分增加。 If your diabetes cannot be controlled with diet, exercise and/or other medications, your doctor may also consider insulin. Insulin that you inject helps to replace the insulin your body would normally produce. A health care professional will train you to inject them just under your skin. You may need to check the level of sugar in your blood with a glucometer, ask your doctor how often to check.  如果饮食，运动和药物无法控制糖尿病，医生也可能考虑胰岛素治疗。注射用胰岛素有助于替代机体产生的正常胰岛素。专业医疗人员会培训患者进行皮下注射胰岛素。患者可能需要运用血糖仪来检查血液中的血糖水平，请咨询医生注射间隔时间。 To do this, you will prick your finger with a small needle, called a lancet, then you will place a drop of blood in the glucometer following the directions provided with your glucometer. Based on your blood sugar level, you may need to adjust your meals, physical activity, or medication dose as directed by your doctor. By treating and controlling your blood sugar level, you may help prevent the complications from type 2 diabetes. It is important to take your medications as directed by your doctor, do not go off your medication unless your doctor tells you to do so. Tell him or her about any side effects you may have. 检查时，患者需要用一根小针，即刺血针，刺破手指，然后按照血糖仪指南，将一滴血滴入血糖仪。根据血糖水平，患者可能需要按照医生的指导调整膳食，运动或药物剂量。治疗和控制血糖水平可能有助于预防II型糖尿病的并发症。按照医生的指导服药很重要，医生嘱咐停药前，不要停止用药。告知患者可能产生的所有副作用。 [language points] glucose/ˈglu:kəʊs/n.[化]葡萄糖，右旋糖 carbohydrates/kɑ:bə'haɪdreɪts/n.碳水化合物，糖类( carbohydrate的名词复数 )；淀粉质或糖类食物 resistance/rɪˈzɪstəns/n.抵抗；抗力 pancreas/ˈpæŋkriəs/n.<解剖>胰，胰腺 lancet/ˈlɑ:nsɪt/n.柳叶刀；刺血针；口针 glucometer/ɡlu:'kɒmɪtə/[医]血糖测计仪 Bgm-起风了 资料来源：nucleus media 撰稿讲解：福建医科大学 淑铉铉铉