与现在完成时连用的常用词语 即标志词
能与现在完成时连用词语很多,just, already, yet, before, never, ever, recently 等,但常见的有:
如:yet:放在否定句和一般疑问句句末。
I haven&`&t finished the work yet.我还没有完成这项工作。
改为一般疑问句:Have you finished the work yet?
(1) since自从
(2) so far到目前为止
(3) in / for / during the past / last … years 在过去 / 最近…中
(4) up to / until now 到现在为止
(5) It’s / will be the first / second… time that…这是第一 / 二… 次…
(1) since
since+时间点 = for +时间段 自从,如:
We haven’t seen each other since last week. 自上周以来我们一直未见过面。
We have been friends ever since. 自此以后我们一直是朋友。
Since+一般过去时的时间状语从句
eg:He has been here since he joined the army。自从他参军以来,他一直在这儿。
有时可用其它时态。如:
It seems like years since we last met. 我们似乎几年未见面了。
It is five years since he came here. 他来这里五年了。
(2) so far到目前为止,如:
So far we have learned 2000 English words. 目前为止我们已学了两千个英语单词了。
(3) in / for / during the past / last … years 在过去 / 最近…中:
I&`&ve been ill for the past three weeks. 我三周来一直在生病。
I have been here (for) the last / past month. 最近一个月里我都在这儿。
(4) up to / until now 到现在为止,如:
Up to now he’s been quiet. 他直到此刻仍保持沉默。
I have heard nothing from him up to now. 到现在为止我还没有听到他一点音信。
Up until now we have planted over 20000 trees. 到目前为止我们已经种了两万棵树了。
(5) It’s / will be the first / second… time that…这是第一 / 二… 次…,如:
It’s the first time I’ve been here. 这是我第一次来这儿。
4. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
复习: 一般过去时:表示过去某一时候或某一段时间所发生了的事情或存在的状态。这种动作或者状态可能是一次性,也可能是经常性的发生。
构成:主语+动词过去式+其他
I met her this morning. 今天上午我看到她了。
现在完成时强调对现在的影响和结果,与现在有联系; 而一般过去时强调这个动作发生的时间是在过去,不涉及对现在的影响。比较:
He has bought a car. 他买了一部车。(买车的结果就是出门更方便了)
He bought a house two years ago. 他两年前买了一部车。(就只是完成买车这个行为,但是后续有无影响或结果没提及)
作业:
1.He has lost his watch. (先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答)
— ______________________
— ______________________
2. I have heard nothing from him__ __. 到现在为止我还没有听到他一点音信。
3. I __ __ (pass) my driving test yet. 我还没有通过驾驶考核。
4. 请分别用一般过去时态和现在完成时改写:I saw this film yesterday.
1.Has he lost his watch? Yes,he has,he hasn’t.
2.so far/until now.
3.haven’t passed
4.一般过去时:I saw this film yesterday. 现在完成时:I have seen this film yesterday
分析:I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了。)
I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。)