海外代购打擦边球

Overseas shopping by Chinese consumers through the Internet, which analysts say generated more than 100 billion yuan in sales in 2014, has been booming in a regulatory gray zone. Those days may be over. The State Council, China’s cabinet, on April 9 ordered China Customs and other government agencies to crack down on imports of counterfeit goods and products that violate intellectual property rights sold through online outlets. Customs officers were expected to respond by stepping up inspections of parcels shipped to China from abroad. And they’re focusing not only on parcel content but also want to make sure that all taxes and import tariffs have been paid. The tightening effort could have a significant impact on imports of luxury goods and drugs and some experts say these imports have hurt sales of domestically manufactured consumer products. Others say the importers can sell at bargain prices because they skirt tax regulations. The e-commerce data provider 100EC.cn said Chinese consumers bought 76.7 billion yuan worth of goods through overseas-based online retailers in 2013, up 58 percent from the previous year. Purchases exceeded 100 million yuan in 2014 could reach 200 billion yuan this year. The most common shopping channels for Chinese consumers who want to buy overseas products are Chinese e-commerce websites include JD.com, Alibaba Group’s Tmall.com and Taobao websites. Another option chosen by some Chinese consumers is to arrange for friends or relatives living overseas to shop for them and ship goods to the mainland. Yet another consumer option – the one that’s drawn special attention from government officials concerned about tax evasion – are small businesses run by individuals or companies that function as shopping intermediates. These businesses buy from overseas vendors on behalf of Chinese customers, handle the shipping and import processes, and then deliver the goods. However previous efforts by the government to clamp down on tax-dodging online-shopping companies have had limited effects, according to several business operators who spoke with Caixin. For Caixin Online this is Eric Johnson 海外代购合法合规吗？可能消费者很少会考虑这样的问题。过去几年，中国海外代购发展迅猛，2014年规模冲破千亿元，但也因存在逃税、假冒伪劣等问题而受到关注。4月9日，国务院办公厅《2015年全国打击侵犯知识产权和制售假冒伪劣商品工作要点》（下称《要点》），提及要求海关总署开展邮递、快件渠道专项执法，重点打击“海外代购”等进口环节侵权行为。 互联网技术带来的便利性，促使海外代购规模迅速增加，对国内相关消费品行业形成挤压。海外代购偷税普遍，也存在侵犯知识产权的现象。同时也不乏以海外代购为名，从国内取货涉及假冒伪劣的行为。国务院本次发文打击海外代购侵权行为，意在使其合法化，但市场也担心，如果在实施中“选择性打击”，会影响公平性。 从传统电商巨头京东、天猫国际、一号店，到聚美优品、唯品会等垂直电商，都在发力海外代购，蜜淘、洋码头等创业公司也努力争取分一杯羹。目前，海外代购主要包括两种形式：一是电商搭建平台邀请居住在海外的个人或商家入驻，并对入驻者进行资质审查，例如洋码头采用的“买手制”；另一种是流行的个人“朋友圈代购”等方式。 《要点》要求打击海外代购侵权行为，浙江金道律师事务所律师、中国电子商务研究中心特约研究员王冰洁接受财新记者采访时称，海外代购涉及最多的是逃避关税，构成走私。其次，在商标、外观设计、实用新型、专利等方面可能存在侵权，突出表现在平行商标侵权方面。平行商标侵权是指，国内有人占有一家海外公司品牌的商标许可权，那其他人从海外代购该品牌商品用以出售就侵犯了国内商标许可人的权利。如果海外品牌没有在中国注册，也没有其他人持有该品牌的商标，就不存在侵权。最后，如果出现假冒伪劣或运输环节造成损坏，维权也很难。 海外代购利用包裹邮寄逃税，造成关税流失。为保护税收，2010年9月1日，海关总署将外国邮寄进境的个人物品免征额度从原来的500元调整为50元，并规定“个人邮寄进出境物品超出规定限值的，应办理退运手续或者按照货物规定办理通关手续”。2014年8月1日实施的规定中，海关总署要求“电子商务企业或个人、支付企业、海关监管场所经营人、物流企业等，应按照规定通过电子商务通关服务平台适时向电子商务通关管理平台传送交易、支付、仓储和物流等数据”。 然而，两项旨在限制“灰色代购”的文件并未发挥理想效果。一些个人海外代购者向财新记者坦承，他们并没有申报关税，更不会向电子商务通关管理平台传送相关资料。海关检查是随机的，被海关查到无非就是选择报税或退运。大型跨境电商报税比较主动，因为他们在关税上会有优惠，不像普通个人的税率那么高。但他们平台上有些代购商品的价格是无税才能达到的，所以不排除存在未申报或者申报不符之嫌。